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	<title>攝影入門 Photography Tips for Beginners - 攝影技巧教學 &#187; histogram</title>
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		<title>怎樣知道相片是太光還是太暗? Histogram!</title>
		<link>http://www.fotobeginner.com/103/introduction-to-photo-histogram/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fotobeginner.com/103/introduction-to-photo-histogram/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jan 2009 17:39:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alex Tam</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[推介文章]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[攝影知識]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[histogram]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[曝光]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fotobeginner.com/?p=103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[無論是DC還是DSLR，大家有沒有試過在陽光底下看不清LCD上的相片，常常懷疑相片是否曝光不正確(太光/太暗)? 現在便讓我向大家介紹一個在Digital Photography內很重要和很方便的工具 - Histogram!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>相片太光/太暗?</h3>
<p>無論是DC還是DSLR，大家有沒有試過在陽光底下看不清LCD上的相片，常常懷疑相片是否曝光不正確(太光/太暗)?</p>
<h3>解決方法</h3>
<p><img class="size-medium wp-image-104 alignnone" title="d70_histogram" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/d70_histogram-300x200.jpg" alt="d70_histogram" width="300" height="200" /></p>
<p>現在便讓我向大家介紹一個在Digital Photography內很重要和很方便的工具 - <strong>Histogram</strong> (中譯"直方圖")。對於初學習攝影的朋友來說這可算是一個很新和比較"技術"的東西吧，但其實一旦明白了箇中的意義便會發現它實在是好用了！現在便向大家簡單的介紹一下。<span id="more-103"></span></p>
<p>在一個Histogram內，x-axis代表由暗至光的資訊，y-axis則代表該資訊的數量，以下是三種最常見的曝光情況：</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>過曝</strong> (Overexposed)<br />
 大部份資訊也偏向右邊，左邊基本上沒有任何資訊。</li>
<li><strong>正常曝光 </strong>(Average)<br />
 資訊很平均地分佈在左至右，中間的資訊比較多。</li>
<li><strong>曝光不足 </strong>(Underexposed)<br />
 大部份資訊也偏向左邊，右邊基本上沒有任何資訊。</li>
</ol>
<p><img class="size-large wp-image-105 alignnone" title="histogram-1" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/histogram-1-665x1024.jpg" alt="點擊放大" width="319" height="491" /></p>
<h3>例子</h3>
<p>以下是一些例子，讓大家更清楚相片的曝光情況與histogram的關係：</p>
<table style="margin: 0pt auto; width: 500px;" border="0" cellspacing="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-108" style="border: #cccccc solid 1px;padding:1px;" title="under" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/under.jpg" alt="under" width="210" height="317" /></td>
<td align="center"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-107" style="border: #cccccc solid 1px;padding:1px;" title="over" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/over.jpg" alt="over" width="210" height="317" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">
<p><br class="spacer_" /></p>
<div id="attachment_110" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 220px"><img class="size-full wp-image-110" title="under-histo" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/under-histo.jpg" alt="under-histo" width="210" height="82" /><p class="wp-caption-text">曝光不足Underexposed</p></div>
</td>
<td align="center">
<p><br class="spacer_" /></p>
<div id="attachment_109" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 220px"><img class="size-full wp-image-109" title="over-histo" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/over-histo.jpg" alt="over-histo" width="210" height="82" /><p class="wp-caption-text">過份曝光Overexposed</p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>從上兩張圖片可以看出如果你拍攝一幅相片後發現Histogram有偏左(曝光不足)或偏右(過份曝光)的情況，那麼你最好作EV的加減(EV+/-)或調教一下你的快門光圈組合了。</p>
<p><br class="spacer_" /></p>
<h3><em>正確Histogram</em>的迷思</h3>
<p>是否每一張相片也需要擁有或調較成正常曝光的histogram呢? 當然不是，就如之前 <a href="http://www.fotobeginner.com/98/introduction-to-white-balance-part-2/">淺談白平衡 (White balance) - Part 2</a> 一文內提過一樣，攝影講求的是技術和意境的配合，一張過曝或曝光不足的相片也能成為一張好相片，看看以下的例子：</p>
<table style="margin: 0pt auto; width: 500px;" border="0" cellspacing="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-112" title="pq-moon-thumb" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/pq-moon-thumb.jpg" alt="pq-moon-thumb" width="300" height="232" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-111" title="moon-histo" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/moon-histo.jpg" alt="moon-histo" width="210" height="92" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>很明顯這幅月光的相片是曝光不足(右邊完全沒有資訊)的，但這樣反而是拍攝者想帶出的效果。</p>
<table style="margin: 0pt auto; width: 500px;" border="0" cellspacing="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-114" title="tahoe-tree-in-fog-thumb" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/tahoe-tree-in-fog-thumb.jpg" alt="tahoe-tree-in-fog-thumb" width="300" height="394" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-113" title="tree-fog-histo" src="http://www.fotobeginner.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/tree-fog-histo.jpg" alt="tree-fog-histo" width="210" height="92" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>而這幅雪地樹木的相片是過份曝光(左邊完全沒有資訊)的，但更能反映出雪地的效果。</p>
<p><br class="spacer_" /></p>
<h3>結論</h3>
<p>Histogram其實只是一個真實反映出相片暗位和光位的分布情況，沒有對和錯的histogram，但當然，如果你希望拍攝出一個曝光正常的相片(如旅行攝影，普通人像，正常的風景等等)，histogram是非常有參考價值的，因此我建議大家拍攝後不要只看相片，也要多參考histogram來了解不同的<a href="http://www.fotobeginner.com/25/introduction-to-iso-aperture-and-shutter-speed/">光圈、快門、ISO組合</a>在不同環境下對曝光的影響，當然最重要的是可以確保相片有心目中"正確"的曝光吧！</p>
<p style="line-height:normal">圖片來源：<br />
 <a href="http://www.luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/understanding-series/understanding-histograms.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/understanding-series/understanding-histograms.shtml</a><br />
 <a href="http://www.photoanswers.co.uk/Advice/Search-Results/Photopedia/Histogram-/" target="_blank">http://www.photoanswers.co.uk/Advice/Search-Results/Photopedia/Histogram-/</a><br />
 <a href="http://www.outbackphoto.com/workflow/wf_41/essay.html" target="_blank">http://www.outbackphoto.com/workflow/wf_41/essay.html</a></p>
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